Consumers as Producers: Can (or Should) We Draw the Line?

I must start off by saying that I had a moment similar to one that David had last week when he read about the Tamagotchi. I cannot remember the last time I thought about the TV show Action League Now! or about the The Sims videogame (and I will admit, there was a time when I couldn’t get enough of The Sims).

That said, I was continually reminded of the concept of control throughout this week’s readings. As mentioned by Jenkins (2012), companies want consumers to use the physical forms of their logos, but as soon as they use the digital forms, companies get nervous. Perhaps the ease of reproduction that is possible in the digital world threatens their sense of control over their brand. Similarly, Andrejevic (2010) mentions that while consumers own computers and software, they do not own the networks that make social networking possible, so ownership issues could become fuzzy. However, McCracken (1998) stresses that media producers must accommodate consumer demands to participate as well as consume media, otherwise, consumers will lose interest and move on to media that is more tolerant of their participation. In order for consumers to contribute to a media such as a game, they must feel that what they offer makes a difference in their own experience and in the experience of other players (Koster 1999), which makes me consider user-generated content in a broader sense. As we have discussed, consumers do not usually receive compensation to create user-generated content. Not only do they still create such content, but also the content they create is often high quality. Perhaps they are driven by the desire to make a difference in their own media experience and in the experience of others.

Andrejevic (2010) offers an interesting view of social networking sites that we’ve discussed throughout the semester. Although a small percentage of users read and understand the privacy agreements offered by social networking sites, users continue to sign up for and use these sites. Furthermore, users agree to submit to these sites monitoring their actions and manipulating their data and, according to Andrejevic (2010), as long as users enjoy the benefits of social networking, why shouldn’t Facebook too? I have to agree that users willingly submit to these conditions, but I still contend that the presentational mode of the privacy statement could make a difference (thus the topic of my trend analysis). Users, however, could simply be affected by social norms. As mentioned by Andrejevic (2010), it is likely that people who avoid social networking sites will soon seem outdated and overly protective of their privacy. Perhaps it all goes back to Laufer and Wolfe’s (1977) risk calculation: If perceived benefits of sharing one’s personal information (connecting with others) are greater than the perceived risks (exposing personal information), users are more likely to disclose their information.

 

Some links for user-generated content

Some things we discussed on Thursday, and other possible links of interest, showing the wide range of UGC just on YouTube.

I’m Not Here to Make Friends

Beyonce’s Countdown video, Snuggie version, comparision

Kim Jong Style (Gangnam Style parody)  and the original video if you haven’t seen it.

Some classic fan films: Troops (Star Wars/Cops fan film mashup, filmed in 1997!), George Lucas in Love, How the Sith Stole Christmas.

Prosumption and Ethical Dilemmas

In the internet age, it is easy to think of ourselves as living in a time when everything is new. Ritzer, Dean and Jurgenson give us a little perspective when they assert that we as humans have been prosuming since our earliest days (2012). Prosuming seems built in to our everyday lives. By simply going to the grocery store and then making a meal from what I have bought, I’ve played the role of both consumer and producer. However, I do think this term is a good one to use to frame our understanding of a time when so much of what we use digitally is interactive. Again, Wikipedia comes to the forefront as a perfect explanation of prosumption. Without constant and varied user input into the site, it would fail to be a real time touchstone for information on almost any topic.

From “Highly recommended!” The Content Characteristics and Perceived Usefulness of Online Consumer Reviews, I liked that the authors separated experience products from search products in their experiment. I did not expect that the negative reviews of experience products would be more useful than the positive ones, as attested by Willemsen, Neijens, Bronner and de Ridder (31). However, after some reflection, and even catching myself doing so while online shopping last weekend, I do gravitate toward the negative reviews of a product when it has those “intangible attributes that cannot be known until purchased” (23). Additionally, I did find it humorous that in contrast to last week’s reading, Peer or Expert, that the authors of this piece found a weak, but present correlation between the expert written reviews and usefulness (31).

Going forward in this week’s readings was a study in blogs and bloggers, how they see themselves and the ethical dilemmas that have arisen from their own actions and corporations trying to appropriate the platform as a sales tool. After reading through these three articles on the topic of blogs, it became painfully aware to me how short the distance is between a genuine (non-corporately created) blogger and their audience. Without the filter of editors and peer review that other writers have built in, these bloggers’ mistakes are made in real time. There is a sense that when a newspaper columnist publishes an article that then becomes criticized, the paper itself bears some of the reputational damage. A blogger has no such shield. As a relatively new medium, today’s bloggers are making the mistakes required to prompt a structure of regulation, such as the proposed FTC regulations discussed in Blogola, Sponsored Posts, and the Ethics of Blogging.

Some of the numbers listed in our readings were staggering. For example, in Networked Narratives: Understanding Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Online Communities, the authors quote from a 2007 survey that “50% of all internet users are regular blog readers” (73). Despite checking of 15-20 blogs a day myself, that is still a massive number that I would never have expected. It is no wonder they are being targeted by advertisers. I have followed several blogs from being part of the 99% of “lonely roads” that Chia references in Welcome to Me-Mart, to full blown “probloggers” able to take blogging from hobby to career on sponsorships from corporations using them for advertising.  That being said, for those blogs not generating a profit, I’m not sure that I agree with the view that blogs as user generated content are exploitive just because the user bares the cost of maintenance. I buy supplies for my hobbies all of the time and what I create from the supplies doesn’t generate funds enough for me to be profitable. But that is not the point of a hobby, is it?