Effects of insecticides on goldren rods
Anna Young
Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plants and herbivore damage represents significant annual losses to agricultural production. To combat crop losses due to herbivory, many farmers annually apply insecticides, which can have negative impacts on human and ecosystem health. Many techniques are being tested to reduce the rate of insecticide application while still attaining high yields from crops. his study was done to estimate the impact herbivores had on flowering plants and determine how effective annual insecticide application was on reducing herbivory compared to no application or intermediate application rates. This experiment used goldenrod, Solidago altissima and Phytophagous insects. It was performed in Ithaca, New York. It was planned out to see if the degree to which the herbivore damage done in one year can influence plant performance in succeeding years.
To test this, the experiment had phytophagous insects let loose onto a meadow of goldenrod Solidago altissima. The experiment started with 6 fields dominated by the goldenrods in Ithaca, New York, USA. The control experiment was to let the herbivore insects dominate the goldenrod field. No insecticides were applied. This was done over a year’s time. Field 2 was measured out and this time insecticides were applied every year for 5 years. The last 3 fields had insecticides applied every 3rd year.
Field one had a heavy herbivore load. There was a large plant damage load. Field two with the insecticides sprayed every year had a different outcome. The insecticides suppressed the herbivores, but not all of them, nothing to cause major damage. Fields 3-6 did not have much of a difference from field two. It suppressed most of the herbivores, as well.
I think the results were interesting. You would think in fields 3-6 that herbivores would dominate the goldenrod fields again and cause plant damage, but that was not true. This disproves the hypothesis proposed in the introduction that herbivore damage done in one year can influence plant performance in succeeding years. I think the insecticides did help the plant growth and it controlled the growth in the following years after applied.
Citations:
Root, Richard B. Hebivore pressure on goldenrods (Solidago Altissima) its variation and cumulative effects. Ecological Society of America, 1996. Web. 13 Sept 2013 <go.galegroup.com>
Root, Richard B. Hebivore pressure on goldenrods (Solidago Altissima) its variation and cumulative effects. Volume 77 Page 1074-1087. Frontiers Editorial. Web. 13 Sept 2013<Esajournals.org>
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Herbivore damage leads to significant agricultural losses annually, prompting many farmers to use insecticides despite their negative impacts on health and ecosystems. This study, conducted in Ithaca, NY, examined how herbivores affect flowering plants and evaluated the effectiveness of different insecticide application rates. Using goldenrod (Solidago altissima) and phytophagous insects, the research aimed to determine if herbivore damage in one year influences plant performance in subsequent years.
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